Small things can cause great pain. As urine streams through our kidneys, minerals may sludge off and form stones, what is known as nephrolithiasis. Irritation and discomfort—sometimes substantial– may result if these nuggets are not flushed out. Drinking lots of water helps but in persistent cases, shock waves (lithotripsy) or surgery may be necessary. Knowns […]
cystic fibrosis
Altered Microbiome in Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF) causes severe damage to the lungs, digestive system and other organs in the body. The disease is inherited when both parents carry the recessive gene. A defective gene makes mucus, sweat and digestive juices thick and sticky instead of thin and slippery; tubes and ducts, especially in the lungs and pancreas become […]